About 122 studies supported by 11 countries (among others, United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Sweden, Germany, Netherlands) found that 32.4% of patients confessed to psychiatric facilities involved in aggressive behavior ( Bowers et al., 2011 ). Approximately 50% of all aggressive incidents documented in psychiatric facilities worldwide include physical violence. On average, 62% of working stuff in different countries indicate they have experienced physical violence ( Bowers et al., 2011 ). More research in psychiatry to forecast and decrease aggressive behavior has focused on patient’s diagnosis and history, as well as enhancements to staff training and care processes ( Daffern and Howells, 2002 , Dolan et al., 2008 , Forster et al., 1999 , Privitera et al., 2005 ). By contrast, insufficient studies have observed the possible influence of architectural features on outcomes ( Papoulias, Csipke, Rose, McKellar, & Wykes, 2014 ). Reference: https://www.s
